Multiplicity of Massive stars in the Milky Way (M3W). I. Project description, UNWIND, application to GLS 11 448, and DIB catalog
Multiplicity of Massive stars in the Milky Way (M3W). I. Project description, UNWIND, application to GLS 11 448, and DIB catalog
J. Maíz Apellániz, R. C. Gamen, G. Holgado, S. Rosu, J. I. Arias, S. Simón-Díaz, A. Pellerin, M. Abdul-Masih, E. Madero Fuentes, J. A. Molina-Calzada, R. H. Barbá
Abstract(ABRIDGED BUT NOT TOO FAR) Multiplicity is ubiquitous among massive stars and its understanding is constrained by the sample of well-determined orbits. The immediate goal of M3W is to significantly increase the number of massive multiple systems with well-determined orbits and masses. We will address issues such as multiplicity statistics, the mass function in clusters and the field, the properties of binaries with compact companions and gravitational-wave progenitors, the origin and characteristics of runaways and their 3-D motions, the use of apsidal motion as a probe of stellar interiors, and the mass discrepancy between different methods (evolutionary, spectroscopic, and Keplerian). In this first paper, we present the project; describe the data and tools that will be used, including the disentangling UNWIND tool; analyse the very massive twin binary system GLS 11 448; and briefly introduce some of the following papers of the series. We present a new orbit for GLS 11 448, using UNWIND to obtain for the first time disentangled spectra for the full 3820-11 000 $\mathring{A}$ range for an OB spectroscopic binary. We derive the stellar parameters, making new stellar lines available for the study of O stars. The Aa and Ab components of GLS 11 448, both classified as O3.5 II(f*), are the two most massive O stars ever detected according to the evolutionary masses of 70$\pm$10 M$_\odot$ and 76$\pm$11 M$_\odot$ determined in this paper. We also report the first-ever detection of the interstellar He I 10 830 triplet in absorption in an OB-star sightline. As a by-product of the ISM model derived for UNWIND using GLS 11 448 and five other standard stars, we present the most detailed diffuse-interstellar-band (DIB) library ever built, with a total of 631 DIBs in the 4000-17 100 $\mathring{A}$ range, of which 37 are fitted with multiple-Gaussian profiles and 119 had never been identified before.