HOTDISK. Finding Massive Protostellar Disks with Water and Refractory Molecular Species

Avatar
Poster
Voice is AI-generated
Connected to paperThis paper is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review

HOTDISK. Finding Massive Protostellar Disks with Water and Refractory Molecular Species

Authors

Kai Yang, Yichen Zhang, Kei E. I. Tanaka, Tie Liu, Nami Sakai, Ziwei E. Zhang, Gyuho Lee, Kee-Tae Kim, Adam Ginsburg, Lile Wang, Yao Wang, Yongzhi Tang, Yu Cheng, Hongli Liu, Wenyu Jiao, Fengwei Xu, Xunchuan Liu, Xiaofeng Mai, Dongting Yang

Abstract

We present high-angular-resolution ($\sim0.05^{\prime\prime}$) ALMA Band~6 observations from the HOTDISK project (Hot-Origin Tracer survey of DISKs of massive protostars) aimed at investigating the "hot-disk" chemical pattern traced by vibrationally excited water, NaCl, SiS, and SiO in the innermost regions around massive protostars. Ten targets were selected based on strong CH$_3$CN emission exhibiting clear rotational signatures and centrally concentrated SiO emission from lower-resolution observations. We detect vibrationally excited water emission toward 7 of the 10 sources. In all detections, the blueshifted and redshifted components are compact and located on opposite sides of the 1.3 mm continuum peak, with velocity gradients approximately perpendicular to the outflow axes, consistent with rotation on disk scales. Emission from NaCl and SiS is detected toward 5 of these 7 sources and exhibits similar kinematics, further supporting the presence of compact rotating structures. In contrast, commonly used hot-core tracers (e.g., CH$_3$CN and SO$_2$) primarily probe larger-scale envelope gas. These results demonstrate that vibrationally excited water, NaCl, and SiS are powerful tracers of disk structures on $\sim$100 au scales, when observed at sufficient angular resolution and sensitivity. The high detection rate suggests that hot-disk chemical patterns - and thus compact rotating disks - are common in massive star-forming regions, at least among sources with well-developed rotating envelopes.

Follow Us on

0 comments

Add comment