Hayati, A.; Gong, J.; Nagesh, V.; Avci, P.; Ong, A. Y.; Masalkhi, M.; Engelmann, J.; Karouia, F.; Scott, R. T.; Keane, P. A.; Costes, S. V.; Sanders, L. M.

Space-biology imaging studies are often constrained by severe data scarcity, limiting the development of robust machine-learning biomarkers. Rodent spaceflight and space-analog datasets provide an important preclinical setting for testing transfer-learning strategies, but the extent to which human retinal foundation models can generalize to rodent optical coherence tomography (OCT) remains unclear. Here, we benchmark cross-species adaptation of RETFound, a human retinal Vision Transformer pretrained on 1.6 million retinal images, for chronological age prediction from Brown Norway rat OCT B-scans in the NASA Open Science Data Repository dataset OSD-679. We adapted RETFound using Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and evaluated performance on control animals under matched 3-fold rat-level cross-validation. We compared RETFound+LoRA with a strong ImageNet-pretrained Xception baseline under matched protocols and included a scratch/random ViT as a negative-control architecture check. Metrics included mean absolute error (MAE), R2, and inter-eye mean absolute difference (MAD). RETFound+LoRA achieved MAE = 26.20 +/- 5.03 days with R2 = 0.744 +/- 0.049. However, Xception performed better in the primary benchmark (MAE = 19.01 +/- 7.67 days, R2 = 0.853 +/- 0.082), and the matched-fold comparison favored Xception, although this result should be interpreted cautiously given the small number of folds. Inter-eye consistency was maintained across the matched control evaluation, and saliency maps localized model attention to anatomically plausible inner retinal regions. Together, these results show that human retinal foundation models can transfer to rodent OCT in a scientifically useful way, but also that strong CNN baselines may outperform transformer-based models in small-sample cross-species settings. This preprint provides a reproducible benchmark and baseline framework for future retinal biomarker development in space biology.